L-Ascorbic Acid @ 25% Concentrate (Vitamin C)
L-ascorbic acid or ascrobic acid provides advanced environmental protection by neutralizing free radical damage. It is a proven ingredient that shows visible anti-aging benefits such as improvements in fine lines and wrinkles, loss of firmness and brightens skin's complexion. It is an excellent treatment for hyperpigmentation, sun spots and acne scarring.
25% is currently highest concentration in the world.
Tranexamic Acid @ 1%
Tranexamic acid is a chemical derivative of the amino acid Lysine and when applied topically has shown measurable effects in improving hyper-pigmentation. It inhibits the pigment production process called Tyrosinase synthesis and blocks the transfer of pigments. When combined with concentrated vitamin C, the skin lightening and brightening effects are magnified. It is as effective as hydroquinone but completely safe with none of the side effects. Currently it is the main corrective treatment for Melasma.
Adenosine
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule. You may remember this ingredient as one of the four nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA from your high school biology classes. Derivatives of adenosine are widely found in nature and play an important role in biochemical processes, including those of the skin. Adenosine is a relatively new ingredient in skincare formulations but has been used widely in medicine to help treat heart conditions and as an adjunct therapy for healing. While adenosine is naturally present throughout the human body, the adenosine used in cosmetics and personal care products is derived from yeast. In skincare, Adenosine soothes skin, calms inflammation and helps skin healing.
Betaine
Betaine is a humectant (hydration-optimizing) that occurs naturally in skin and the body. It’s known as an osmolyte, an ingredient that helps skin adapt to moisture losses and gains, essentially working to balance skin’s hydration. Betaine is often included with concentrated acids because of its gentle soothing nature which helps offset the inflammatory nature of acids. Newer research indicates betaine shows promise as a topical ingredient to visibly correct uneven skin tone.